Shaytan's Deceit with Adam and Hawwa' and Their eating from the Forbidded Tree
Our Lord! We have wronged ourselves. If You forgive us not, and bestow not upon us Your mercy, we shall certainly be of the losers.") "These are the words that Adam received from his Lord.
This supplication of Adam PBUH was the first supplication of mankind on earth. This is explained in Surah Al Ar^af
And surely, We created you and then gave you shape; then We told the angles, "Prostrate yourselves to Adam" and they prostrated,)
Allah mentions this further in Surah Al-Hijr
(And (remember) when your Lord said to the angels: "I am going to create a man from dried (sounding) clay of altered mud. So, when I have fashioned him completely and breathed into him the soul (which I created for him), then fall (you) down prostrating yourselves unto him."
After Allah created Adam with His Hands from dried clay of altered mud and made him in the shape of a human being, He blew life into him and ordered the angels to prostrate before him, honoring Allah's glory and magnificence. The angels all heard, obeyed and prostrated, but Iblis did not prostrate.
The conversation with Iblis when he refused to prostrate to Adam PBUH
What prevented you (O Iblis) that you did not prostrate
The above explanation is according to Ibn Jarir. which is sound meaning, and Allah knows best.
Iblis answers in arrogance
I am better than him (Adam)
this excuse is worse than the crime itself! Shaytan said that he did not obey Allah because he who is better cannot prostrate to he who is less. Shaytan, may Allah curse him, meant that he is better than Adam, "So how can You order me to prostrate before him" Shaytan said that he is better than Adam because he was created from fire while, "You created him from clay, and fire is better." The cursed one looked at the origin of creation not at the honor bestowed, that is, Allah creating Adam with His Hand and blowing life into him.
Shaytan made a false comparison when confronted by Allah's command
"Then you fall down prostrate to him"
Therefore, Shaytan alone contradicted the angels, because he refused to prostrate. He, thus, became "Ablasa" from the mercy, meaning, lost hope in acquiring Allah's mercy. He committed this error, may Allah curse him, due to his false comparison. His claim that the fire is more honored than mud was also false, because mud has the qualities of wisdom, for - bearance, patience and assurance, mud is where plants grow, flourish, increase, and provide good. To the contrary, fire has the qualities of burning, recklessness and hastiness. Therefore, the origin of creation directed Shaytan to failure, while the origin of Adam led him to return to Allah with repentance, humbleness, obedience and submission to His command, admitting his error and seeking Allah's forgiveness and pardon for it
Recorded in Muslim, that ^Aishah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
(The angels were created from light, Shaytan from a smokeless flame of fire, while Adam was created from what was described to you)
(Get down from this) "because you defied My command and disobeyed Me. Get out, it is not for you to be arrogant here,"
The explanantion of this atatement of Allah, according to scholars of tafsir, indicates the conversation in Paradise. It could also refer to particular status which Iblis held in the utmost highs
Allah then said to Iblis
(Get out, for you are of those humiliated and disgraced.)
as just recompense for his ill intentions, by giving him the opposite of what he intended (arrogance)
As Iblis was expelled from paadise, the cursed one remembered and asked for respite until Day of Judgement
Iblis, the cursed one asks Allah swt
(Then allow me respite till the Day they are(Children of Adam) raised up.)
Allah, then said
Then you are of those respited
Allah gave Shaytan what he asked for out of His wisdom, being His decision and decree, that is never prevented or resisted. Surely, none can avert His decision, and He is swift in reckoning.
Allah tells us how He issued an unconditional command to Iblis to leave the position he held among the highest of heights. He told him that he was an outcast, i.e. cursed, and that he would be followed by a curse that would hound him until the Day of Resurrection.
Ibn Abi Hatim reports that it was reported that Said bin Jubayr said " When Allah cursed Iblis, his image into something different from that of angels, and he made a sound like a bell. Every bell that rings on this earth until the Day of Resurrection is part of that."
(till the Day they are raised up (resurrected))
Iblis was so sure that he got what he wanted, and he went in defiance and rebellion.
Iblis then said
("Because You have `Aghwaytani', surely, I will sit in wait against them (human beings) on Your straight path.")
ibn 'Abbas said that "Aghhwaytani" means "Misguided me. Other Mufassrins said "As you caused my ruin, I will sit and wait Your servants whom You will create from the offspring of the one You expelled me for"
Iblish in his ignorance, continued
Your Straight Path
the path of truth and the way of safety. I (Iblis) will misguide them from this path so that they do not worship You Alone, because You sent me astray
According to Mujahid, "straight path" refers to the truth.
Imam Ahmed recorded that Saburah bin Abi Al-Fakih said that he heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying,
(Shaytan sat in wait for the Son of Adam in all his paths. He sat in the path of Islam, saying, `Would you embrace Islam and abandon your religion and the religion of your forefathers' However, the Son of Adam disobeyed Shaytan and embraced Islam
So Shaytan sat in the path of Hijrah (migration in the cause of Allah), saying,"Would you migrate and leave your land and sky" But the parable of the Muhajir is that of a horse in his stamina So, he disobeyed Shaytan and migrated. So Shaytan sat in the path of Jihad, against one's self and with his wealth, saying, `If you fight, you will be killed, your wife will be married and your wealth divided.
So he disobeyed him and performed Jihad. Therefore, whoever among them (Children of Adam) does this and dies, it will be a promise from Allah that He admits him into Paradise. If he is killed, it will be a promise from Allah that He admits him into Paradise. If he drowns, it will be a promise from Allah that He admits him into Paradise. If the animal breaks his neck, it will be a promise from Allah that He admits him into Paradise.)
Ali bin Abi Tallhah reported that Ibn 'Abbas commented on:
Then I will come to them from before them
that is "raising doubts in them concerning their Hereafter"
(and (from) behind them)
that is making them more eager for this life
and from their right
causing them confusion in the religion
from their right
Luring them to commit sins. This is meant to cover all paths of good and evil. Shaytan discourages the people from the path of good and lures them to the path of evil.
Then I will come to them from before them and behind them, from their right and from their left and You will not find most of them to be thankful
Al-Hakam bin Abban said that `Ikrimah narrated from Ibn `Abbas concerning the Ayah
Then I will come to them from before them and behind them, from their right and from their left,
He did not say that he will come from above them, because the mercy descends from above
regarding..
and You will not find most of them to be thankful
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn 'Abbas said
it means those who single Him out in worship
When Shaytan said this, it was a guess and an assumption on his part
Yet, the truth turned out to be the same
for Allah said..
And indeed Iblis (Shaytan) did prove true his thought about them, and they followed him, all except a group of true believers. And he had no authority over them, except that We might test him who believes in the Hereafter, from him who is in doubt about it. And your Lord is Watchful over everything
This is why there is a Hadith that encourages seeking refuge with Allah from the lures of Shaytan from all directions. Imam Ahmad narrated that `Abdullah bin `Umar said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to often recite this supplication in the morning and when the night falls,
(O Allah! I ask You for well-being in this life and the Hereafter. O Allah! I ask You for pardon and well-being in my religion, life, family and wealth. O Allah! Cover my errors and reassure me in times of difficulty. O Allah! Protect me from before me, from behind me, from my right, from my left and from above me. I seek refuge with Your greatness from being killed from below me.)
Waki` commented (about being killed from below), "This refers to earthquakes."
Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Majah, Ibn Hibban and Al-Hakim collected this Hadith, and Al-Hakim said, "Its chain is Sahih. "
Which brings us back to the Supplication of Adam PBUH, which was the first supplication he made due to the disobedience he committed and Shaytan's first victim. For ease of remembering, I have placed these two supplication here